{"id":247,"date":"2025-10-07T06:04:32","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T06:04:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/?p=247"},"modified":"2025-10-10T14:39:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T14:39:10","slug":"obezita-dospelych-ako-ovplyvnuje-zdravie-a-ako-nad-nou-ziskat-kontrolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/sk\/obezita-dospelych-ako-ovplyvnuje-zdravie-a-ako-nad-nou-ziskat-kontrolu\/","title":{"rendered":"Obezita dospel\u00fdch: Ako ovplyv\u0148uje zdravie a ako nad \u0148ou z\u00edska\u0165 kontrolu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Obezita je jednou z najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie rast\u00facich epid\u00e9mi\u00ed dne\u0161nej doby. Nie, nie je to len estetick\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 \u2013<strong> ide o v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozenie zdravia a kvality \u017eivota mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010co sa vlastne deje?<br>Doch\u00e1dza k <strong>nadmern\u00e9mu hromadeniu telesn\u00e9ho tuku, ktor\u00e9 negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje fungovanie tela a m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k desiatkam zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A teraz trochu reality. V \u010d\u00edslach.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udf0d<\/strong> <strong>Celosvetovo:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V&nbsp;roku <strong>2022 malo nadv\u00e1hu 2,5 miliardy dospel\u00fdch<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>z&nbsp;toho <strong>s&nbsp;obezitou 890 mili\u00f3nov dospel\u00fdch<\/strong>&#8230; <br>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v&nbsp;roku 2022 malo <strong>43% dospel\u00fdch nadv\u00e1hu a&nbsp;16% obezitu<\/strong>.<br>In\u00fdmi slovami: <strong>1 z 8 \u013eud\u00ed na svete \u017eije s obezitou<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V roku 2021 bol vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e optim\u00e1lny BMI odhadovanou pr\u00ed\u010dinou a\u017e 3,7 mili\u00f3na \u00famrt\u00ed na neprenosn\u00e9 choroby (NCD) \u2013 vr\u00e1tane kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych ochoren\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edsla, ktor\u00e9 nejde ignorova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcc8<\/strong> <strong>Trendy, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s nem\u00f4\u017eu necha\u0165 chladn\u00fdmi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obezita sa u&nbsp;dospel\u00fdch viac ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobila od roku 1990<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nadv\u00e1ha u dospel\u00fdch st\u00fapla z 25 % (1990) na 43 % (2022).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obezita u det\u00ed a t\u00edned\u017eerov (5 \u2013 19 rokov) sa \u0161tvorn\u00e1sobne zv\u00fd\u0161ila \u2013 z 2 % na 8 %.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc76<\/strong> <strong>Deti a dospievaj\u00faci:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V roku 2024 malo nadv\u00e1hu 35 mili\u00f3nov det\u00ed do 5 rokov.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V roku 2022 malo nadv\u00e1hu viac ako 390 mili\u00f3nov det\u00ed a dospievaj\u00facich (5 \u2013 19 r.), z toho 160 mili\u00f3nov \u017eilo s obezitou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcb0Ekonomick\u00fd dopad obezity<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Celosvetov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na nadv\u00e1hu a obezitu sa do 2030 odhaduj\u00fa na 3 bili\u00f3ny USD ro\u010dne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do roku 2060 m\u00f4\u017ee toto \u010d\u00edslo presiahnu\u0165 18 bili\u00f3nov USD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcc9<\/strong><strong> Pre porovnanie s podv\u00fd\u017eivou:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V roku 2022 malo podv\u00e1hu 390 mili\u00f3nov dospel\u00fdch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zatia\u013e \u010do 2,5 miliardy malo nadv\u00e1hu \u2013 vr\u00e1tane 890 mili\u00f3nov ob\u00e9znych.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>Tento probl\u00e9m sa net\u00fdka len niektor\u00fdch kraj\u00edn<\/strong>. Obezita sa \u0161\u00edri naprie\u010d cel\u00fdm svetom \u2013 bez oh\u013eadu na kontinent, kult\u00faru \u010di ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\">\u203c\ufe0f Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 spomen\u00fa\u0165  <strong>Dvojit\u00e9 bremeno podv\u00fd\u017eivy.<\/strong> <br>Mnoh\u00e9 krajiny s n\u00edzkymi a stredn\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami \u010delia &#8220;dvojit\u00e9mu bremenu podv\u00fd\u017eivy&#8221;, kde s\u00fa\u010dasne pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa probl\u00e9my s podv\u00fd\u017eivou a r\u00fdchlo narast\u00e1 po\u010det pr\u00edpadov nadv\u00e1hy a\u00a0obezity. \u013dudia jedia lacn\u00e9, kaloricky bohat\u00e9, ale v\u00fd\u017eivovo pr\u00e1zdne jedl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udea8 <strong>Zr\u00fdchlen\u00fd n\u00e1rast hmotnosti v rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V priemere +1 kg za rok u mlad\u00fdch dospel\u00fdch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V rozvinut\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch je to \u201elen\u201c 0,4 \u2013 0,9 kg ro\u010dne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f A to je sakra rozdiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>\ud83d\udccc<\/strong> <strong>Fakt, ktor\u00fd znie \u0161ialene, ale je na\u0161ou ka\u017edodennou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou:<\/strong><br><strong>Na svete je viac ob\u00e9znych \u013eud\u00ed ako t\u00fdch s pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzkou v\u00e1hou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u010co v\u0161etko dok\u00e1\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nadv\u00e1ha a obezita?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To, \u017ee ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa kvalitu aj d\u013a\u017eku \u017eivota, sme u\u017e spomenuli. Ale po\u010fme si \u00faprimne poveda\u0165 \u2013 \u010do konkr\u00e9tne t\u00fdm riskuje\u0161?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obezita nie je len o tom, \u017ee si k\u00fapi\u0161 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie nohavice. Ovplyv\u0148uje cel\u00fd organizmus \u2013 a rizik\u00e1 nie s\u00fa v\u00f4bec mal\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Cukrovka 2. typu<\/strong><br>Obezita v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku cukrovky. S prib\u00fadaj\u00facimi kilami narast\u00e1 aj inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 rezistencia \u2013 teda stav, ke\u010f tvoje telo prest\u00e1va norm\u00e1lne reagova\u0165 na inzul\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Srdcovo-cievne ochorenia<\/strong><br>Nadmern\u00fd tuk v tele zvy\u0161uje tlak na srdce. U\u017e v mladosti m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9 sa nesk\u00f4r zmenia na infarkt \u010di m\u0155tvicu. A to bez varovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Vysok\u00fd cholesterol<\/strong><br>\u010c\u00edm viac tuku v tele, t\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161ia \u0161anca, \u017ee sa ti zmen\u00ed hladina cholesterolu \u2013 a nie v dobrom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Vysok\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak<\/strong><br>Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita s\u00fa \u00fazko spojen\u00e9 s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm krvn\u00fdm tlakom. A ten je tich\u00fd zabijak. Dlho o \u0148om nevie\u0161 \u2013 a potom pr\u00edde rana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Pred\u010dasn\u00e1 smr\u0165 alebo invalidita<\/strong><br>Obezita patr\u00ed medzi hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny pred\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00famrtia. A nielen to \u2013 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 aj k \u0165a\u017ekostiam, ktor\u00e9 \u0165a vyradia z be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Ob\u00e9zne deti maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko, \u017ee bud\u00fa ob\u00e9znymi dospel\u00fdmi a bud\u00fa trpie\u0165<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Psychick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a n\u00edzke sebavedomie<\/strong><br>Obezita nie je len o fyzickom zdrav\u00ed. \u013dudia s nadv\u00e1hou \u010dastej\u0161ie trpia depresiou, \u00fazkos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe K\u013aby, pohyb a boles\u0165<\/strong><br>Telo nie je stavan\u00e9 na nadmern\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. Kolen\u00e1, bedr\u00e1 a cel\u00fd pohybov\u00fd apar\u00e1t trpia. A v\u00fdsledok? Boles\u0165, z\u00e1paly, obmedzen\u00fd pohyb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe Podv\u00fd\u017eiva u ob\u00e9znych? \u00c1no.<\/strong><br>Mnoho ob\u00e9znych \u013eud\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017eny nedostatok vitam\u00ednov a miner\u00e1lov. Pre\u010do? Lebo jedia ve\u013ea, ale nekvalitne. Energeticky bohat\u00e9 jedlo s nulov\u00fdm obsahom \u017eiv\u00edn. To je podv\u00fd\u017eiva 21. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25fe D\u00fdchacie probl\u00e9my a sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 poruchy s\u00favisiace s&nbsp;obezitou<\/strong><br>Tieto poruchy s\u00fa charakterizovan\u00e9 opakovan\u00fdmi epiz\u00f3dami preru\u0161enia d\u00fdchania v sp\u00e1nku a ved\u00fa k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm d\u00f4sledkom, ako s\u00fa <strong>nadmern\u00e1 denn\u00e1 spavos\u0165, chronick\u00e9 p\u013e\u00facne srdce, polycyt\u00e9mia, poruchy srdcov\u00e9ho rytmu, kongest\u00edvne zlyh\u00e1vanie srdca a vysok\u00e1 mortalita<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>obezita je najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm rizikov\u00fdm faktorom vzniku <strong>syndr\u00f3mu ob\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho apnoe (OSA)<\/strong>. Prevalencia OSA u morb\u00eddne ob\u00e9znych os\u00f4b (BMI \u2265 40 kg\/m2) dosahuje a\u017e 50 %<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010ealej existuje syndr\u00f3m hypoventil\u00e1cie pri obezite (OHS)<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch hypoventila\u010dn\u00fdch syndr\u00f3mov a vyskytuje sa u viac ako 90 % pacientov s OHS, ktor\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 trpia OSA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010ealej to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tr\u00e1viace poruchy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stukovatenej pe\u010dene<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vysok\u00e9ho krvn\u00e9ho tlaku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zn\u00ed\u017eenej imunity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>probl\u00e9my s reprodukciou<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Obezita je vedecky spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom vzniku rakoviny.<\/strong> Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>rakovinu pa\u017eer\u00e1ka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hrub\u00e9ho \u010dreva a kone\u010dn\u00edka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>obli\u010diek a pankreasu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017el\u010dn\u00edka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prsn\u00edka (po menopauze)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>maternice a vaje\u010dn\u00edkov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>Zl\u00e1 \u017eivotospr\u00e1va, nadv\u00e1ha a obezita s\u00fa dnes glob\u00e1lne najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm zabijakom.<\/strong><br>A hoci to znie hrozivo, z\u00e1rove\u0148 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s ka\u017edou pozit\u00edvnou zmenou vie\u0161 tieto rizik\u00e1 v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Po\u010fme trochu hlb\u0161ie k&nbsp;podv\u00fd\u017eive po\u010das obezity (Malnutrition)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Malnutr\u00edcia v sebe zah\u0155\u0148a nedostatky, nadbytky alebo nerovnov\u00e1hy v pr\u00edjme energie a\/alebo \u017eiv\u00edn \u010dlovekom. <\/strong>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aj obezita, ktor\u00e1 je stavom nadmern\u00e9ho hromadenia telesn\u00e9ho tuku a je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za chronick\u00e9 komplexn\u00e9 ochorenie, spad\u00e1 pod defin\u00edciu malnutr\u00edcie. <strong>S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou malnutr\u00edcie s\u00fa aj nedostatky vitam\u00ednov alebo miner\u00e1lov<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>Navy\u0161e, mnoho ob\u00e9znych \u013eud\u00ed trp\u00ed aj z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm nedostatkom vitam\u00ednov a miner\u00e1lov. Pre\u010do?<\/strong><br>Lebo prij\u00edmaj\u00fa ve\u013ea kal\u00f3ri\u00ed, no <strong>z ve\u013emi nekvalitn\u00fdch jed\u00e1l, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00fd\u017eivovo pr\u00e1zdne<\/strong> \u2013 pln\u00e9 tuku, cukru a soli, ale bez skuto\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn. V\u00fdsledok? Telo je s\u00fdte, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 podvy\u017eiven\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odborne sa tento stav ozna\u010duje ako \u201eobezita s podv\u00fd\u017eivou\u201c \u2013 a je ove\u013ea be\u017enej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mnoh\u00ed myslia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>BMI: Pom\u00f4cka, nie rozsudok<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>BMI (index telesnej hmotnosti) je jednoduch\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako si orienta\u010dne zhodnoti\u0165 svoju hmotnos\u0165. \u010casto sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako \u201en\u00e1hradn\u00fd marker tu\u010dnosti\u201c \u2013 teda n\u00e1hradn\u00fd ukazovate\u013e mno\u017estva telesn\u00e9ho tuku. Je to odborn\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fd vystihuje, pre\u010do m\u00e1 BMI svoje miesto\u2026 ale nie je neomyln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nadv\u00e1ha<\/strong> = BMI 25 a viac<br><strong>Obezita<\/strong> = BMI 30 a viac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Pou\u017e\u00edva sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie na klasifik\u00e1ciu nadv\u00e1hy a obezity u dospel\u00fdch.<\/strong> Ale pozor \u2013 nezoh\u013ead\u0148uje vek, pohlavie ani podiel svalovej hmoty, preto nemus\u00ed by\u0165 \u00faplne presn\u00fd pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\" class=\"wp-block-list has-background\">\n<li>M\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 ma\u0165 ve\u013ea svalov a BMI ti vyhod\u00ed \u201enadv\u00e1hu\u201c \u2013 hoci si v top forme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 ma\u0165 norm\u00e1lnu v\u00e1hu, ale m\u00e1lo svalov a ve\u013ea tuku \u2013 tzv. <strong>\u201eskinny fat\u201c<\/strong> telo, odborne zn\u00e1me ako <strong>NWO \u2013 Normal Weight Obesity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc A&nbsp;aj NWO je tich\u00fd probl\u00e9m. \u013dudia s norm\u00e1lnym BMI, ale vysok\u00fdm podielom telesn\u00e9ho tuku, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko metabolick\u00e9ho syndr\u00f3mu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inzul\u00ednov\u00fa rezistenciu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>n\u00edzku hladinu \u201edobr\u00e9ho\u201c HDL cholesterolu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00fd obvod p\u00e1sa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a v\u0161etky zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 by si \u010dakala pri obezite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 Preto sa na hmotnos\u0165 oplat\u00ed pozera\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161ie. Ak chce\u0161 pozna\u0165 re\u00e1lne zlo\u017eenie tela, existuj\u00fa aj presnej\u0161ie met\u00f3dy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obvod p\u00e1sa (vysok\u00e9 riziko = nad 94 cm u mu\u017eov, nad 80 cm u \u017eien),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skinfold test \u2013 meranie ko\u017en\u00fdch rias (\u00e1no, znie to divne, ale je to efekt\u00edvne),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DEXA sken \u2013 zlat\u00fd \u0161tandard v meran\u00ed tuku, svalov a kost\u00ed (n\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00ed, ale ve\u013emi presn\u00fd).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tak\u017ee\u2026 m\u00e1 to zmysel?<\/strong><br>\u00c1no. BMI nie je zl\u00e1 met\u00f3da \u2013 len si treba uvedomi\u0165 jej limity. St\u00e1le je to jednoduch\u00fd a r\u00fdchly ukazovate\u013e, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v medic\u00edne aj v\u00fdskumoch po celom svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>Sta\u010d\u00ed trochu sebareflexie:<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udc49 Ak \u0161portuje\u0161, m\u00e1\u0161 svaly a zdrav\u00fa \u017eivotospr\u00e1vu \u2013 BMI nemus\u00ed by\u0165 \u00faplne presn\u00fd.<br>\ud83d\udc49 Ale ak vie\u0161, \u017ee sed\u00ed\u0161 cel\u00fd de\u0148, m\u00e1\u0161 naf\u00faknut\u00e9 brucho a v\u00fdpo\u010det ti vyhod\u00ed \u201eobezita\u201c\u2026 tak si to nemus\u00edme prepo\u010d\u00edtava\u0165 e\u0161te raz, v\u0161ak?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010co z BMI vlastne vy\u010d\u00edta\u0161?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201eNorm\u00e1lna v\u00e1ha\u201c e\u0161te neznamen\u00e1 ide\u00e1lny stav \u2013 m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 ma\u0165 vysok\u00fd podiel tuku a \u017eiadne svaly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201eNadv\u00e1ha\u201c alebo \u201eobezita\u201c \u2013 v 99 % pr\u00edpadov to tak naozaj je.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdnimku tvoria hlavne profesion\u00e1lni \u0161portovci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u27a1\ufe0f D\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo je podiel telesn\u00e9ho tuku, nie len to, \u010do ti uk\u00e1\u017ee kalkula\u010dka.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83e\uddee Chce\u0161 si BMI vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165?<\/strong><br>N\u00e1jde\u0161 ho na na\u0161ej str\u00e1nke <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/sk\/calculators\/bmi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nutrelino \u2013 BMI kalkula\u010dka<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Viac o tom, ako to cel\u00e9 funguje, sa do\u010d\u00edta\u0161 v \u010dl\u00e1nku: <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/sk\/bmi-nie-je-zakon-ale-vies-kedy-mu-mozes-verit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BMI nie je z\u00e1kon. Ale vie\u0161, kedy mu m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 veri\u0165?<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z tohto v\u0161etk\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdva to, \u017ee BMI nie je zl\u00e1 met\u00f3da, ale z h\u013eadiska pos\u00fadenia zdravia je podiel telesn\u00e9ho tuku z\u00e1sadnej\u0161\u00ed faktor, ako iba samotn\u00e1 hodnota z BMI.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u010co sp\u00f4sobuje obezitu a nadv\u00e1hu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u010d\u00edna to sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e si mnoh\u00ed myslia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u27a1\ufe0f Riziko nadv\u00e1hy sa formuje u\u017e po\u010das tehotenstva \u2013 e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e sa die\u0165a narod\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u017eiva a \u017eivotospr\u00e1va mamy zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu. Viac o tom p\u00ed\u0161eme tu: <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/sk\/detska-obezita-a-podvyziva-ako-ju-rozpoznat-pochopit-a-pomoct-ju-zastavit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Detsk\u00e1 obezita a podv\u00fd\u017eiva: Ako ju rozpozna\u0165, pochopi\u0165 a pom\u00f4c\u0165 ju zastavi\u0165<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc A \u00e1no \u2013 je vedecky potvrden\u00e9, \u017ee z ob\u00e9zneho die\u0165a\u0165a sa ve\u013emi \u010dasto st\u00e1va ob\u00e9zny dospel\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00e1 pr\u00ed\u010dina? Energetick\u00e1 nerovnov\u00e1ha<\/strong>. Znie to jednoducho, ale je to z\u00e1klad v\u0161etk\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prij\u00edmame viac energie, ne\u017e st\u00edhame sp\u00e1li\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Na jednej strane<\/strong> jeme viac kalorick\u00fdch jed\u00e1l \u2013 pln\u00fdch tuku, cukru a soli. <strong>A \u010do je hor\u0161ie \u2013 takmer bez \u017eiv\u00edn, tak\u017ee hoci m\u00e1me pln\u00e9 brucho, telo je st\u00e1le \u201ehladn\u00e9\u201c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\">\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>V\u00fdsledok? Obezita + podv\u00fd\u017eiva v jednom bal\u00edku.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> Na druhej strane<\/strong> sa h\u00fdbeme \u010doraz menej. Sedav\u00e9 zamestnania, aut\u00e1, v\u00fd\u0165ahy, obrazovky, r\u00fdchly mestsk\u00fd \u017eivot\u2026 pozn\u00e1\u0161 to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A e\u0161te nie\u010do \u2013 ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed sa neprejed\u00e1 len z hladu.<\/strong> Ale z nudy, stresu, \u00fazkosti alebo sm\u00fatku. Aj to je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pochopi\u0165. Preto\u017ee ak chce\u0161 zmenu, niekedy treba za\u010da\u0165 v hlave \u2013 nie v chladni\u010dke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca4 Sp\u00e1nok? Ten neradno podce\u0148ova\u0165.<\/strong><br>Ak nesp\u00ed\u0161 dos\u0165, tvoje telo bude ma\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed apet\u00edt, hor\u0161\u00ed metabolizmus a viac chute na sladk\u00e9.<br>Minimum pre dospel\u00e9ho? Aspo\u0148 7 hod\u00edn denne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kedy je riziko najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pravdepodobne vtedy, ke\u010f sa \u010dlovek prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t <strong>osamostatn\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prv\u00fd job<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>odchod od rodi\u010dov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zakladanie rodiny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stres, \u010dasov\u00fd tlak, fastfood \u201epo ceste\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto obdob\u00ed sme zranite\u013en\u00ed a \u013eahko padneme do pasce lacn\u00e9ho jedla, sladk\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov, r\u00fdchlych rie\u0161en\u00ed. <strong>A energetick\u00e1 nerovnov\u00e1ha sa rozbieha na pln\u00e9 obr\u00e1tky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A \u010do \u010drevn\u00fd mikrobi\u00f3m?<\/strong> \u00c1no, aj ten zohr\u00e1va ist\u00fa \u00falohu, ale\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c <strong>Rozhodne nie tak\u00fa, ako tvrdia niektor\u00e9 clickbaitov\u00e9 titulky<\/strong>. \u201eSta\u010d\u00ed prenies\u0165 mikrobi\u00f3m zo \u0161t\u00edhleho \u010dloveka na ob\u00e9zneho a ten schudne.\u201c <strong>Tak to fakt nefunguje.<\/strong> \u00c1no, aj my si ob\u010das povzdychneme: Ach jaaaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u27a1\ufe0f Mikrobi\u00f3m je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, ale nie je k\u00fazeln\u00e1 tabletka.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c9365267f914bd71ea50e5e539e3962b\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 nadv\u00e1hu a obezitu (a ide\u00e1lne sa im vyhn\u00fa\u0165 \u00faplne)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>Prevencia<\/strong> = <strong>Najlacnej\u0161ia, najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ia a \u010dasto aj najmenej bolestiv\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A \u00e1no \u2013 za\u010da\u0165 sa d\u00e1 v ka\u017edej f\u00e1ze \u017eivota. Od tehotenstva, cez detstvo, a\u017e po dospelos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prevencia za\u010d\u00edna sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e si mysl\u00ed\u0161<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>U\u017e <strong>po\u010das tehotenstva<\/strong>: Sleduj primeran\u00fd pr\u00edrastok v\u00e1hy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Doj\u010denie<\/strong>: Doj\u010di\u0165 sa odpor\u00fa\u010da v\u00fdlu\u010dne prv\u00fdch 6 mesiacov a pokra\u010dova\u0165 ide\u00e1lne do 2 rokov.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V detstve<\/strong>: Podporuj zdrav\u00e9 jedlo, pohyb, dobr\u00fd sp\u00e1nok. Obmedz sedenie a \u010das pred obrazovkami \u2013 najm\u00e4 ak ich m\u00e1 viac ne\u017e jedlo na tanieri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Tieto z\u00e1klady pom\u00e1haj\u00fa vytvori\u0165 zdrav\u00fd vz\u0165ah k strave a telu \u2013 d\u00e1vno predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e sa objavia prv\u00e9 kil\u00e1 navy\u0161e. Viac si o\u00a0tom m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 <strong>v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/strong>: <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/sk\/detska-obezita-a-podvyziva-ako-ju-rozpoznat-pochopit-a-pomoct-ju-zastavit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Detsk\u00e1 obezita a podv\u00fd\u017eiva: Ako ju rozpozna\u0165, pochopi\u0165 a pom\u00f4c\u0165 ju zastavi\u0165<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tak kde za\u010da\u0165 ako jednotlivec v prevencii obezity? \u010co m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 pre seba urobi\u0165?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Tu je stru\u010dn\u00e9 zhrnutie z\u00e1kladov, ktor\u00e9 re\u00e1lne funguj\u00fa:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zn\u00ed\u017e energetick\u00fd pr\u00edjem zo spracovan\u00fdch potrav\u00edn<\/strong>, nezdrav\u00fdch tukov a cukrov. Jednoducho: <strong>Menej polotovarov, viac \u201eskuto\u010dn\u00e9ho jedla\u201c.<\/strong> Z\u00e1klad je vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa hlavne spracovan\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m a za\u010da\u0165 konzumova\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 \/ z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 jedlo&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jedz v\u0161etky makronutrienty <\/strong>\u2013 sacharidy, tuky, bielkoviny. Ak nem\u00e1\u0161 intoleranciu\/alergiu alebo in\u00e9 diagnostikovan\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, nem\u00e1\u0161 d\u00f4vod niektor\u00fd \u00faplne vynecha\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>400 g ovocia a zeleniny denne?<\/strong> Absol\u00fatne minimum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ryby a morsk\u00e9 plody?<\/strong> \u00c1no. Ale menej \u00faden\u00edn a mastn\u00e9ho m\u00e4sa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strukoviny, orechy, semienka <\/strong>\u2013 k\u013eudne 2\u20133\u00d7 do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a. Ale pozor: pre orechy a semen\u00e1 mal\u00e1 hrs\u0165 na porciu \u00faplne sta\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vyh\u00fdbaj<\/strong> <strong>sa<\/strong> faj\u010deniu a nadmern\u00e9mu pitiu alkoholu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obmedzenie sladen\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov a kalorick\u00fdch bombi\u010diek bez \u017eiv\u00edn<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pohyb ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aspo\u0148 150 min\u00fat miernej alebo 75 min\u00fat intenz\u00edvnej aktivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rozlo\u017e si to na drobn\u00e9 a h\u00fdb sa aspo\u0148 3 &#8211; 4x do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a, bu\u010f konzistentn\u00e1\/\u00fd. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u010dni viac chodi\u0165. T\u00fdch 10 000 krokov denne m\u00e1 svoje opodstatnenie. <br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A nezab\u00fadaj ani na sp\u00e1nok.<\/strong> Bez neho nebude dobre fungova\u0165 ani tvoje tr\u00e1venie, ani tvoja motiv\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A \u010do spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ako celok?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Boj s obezitou nie je len na jednotlivcoch. <strong>Potrebujeme prostredie, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1ha \u2013 nie \u0161kod\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Viac vo\u013eno\u010dasov\u00fdch z\u00f3n zadarmo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dostupn\u00e9 a cenovo prijate\u013en\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 potraviny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menej agres\u00edvneho marketingu na nezdrav\u00e9 jedl\u00e1 \u2013 najm\u00e4 pre deti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Re\u0161trikcie na cukor, tuky, so\u013e v spracovan\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zdrav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti aj v pr\u00e1ci a v \u0161kol\u00e1ch \u2013 nie len bagety z automatu alebo chipsy so \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1nku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Potravinov\u00fd priemysel m\u00f4\u017ee (a m\u00e1) hra\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zni\u017eovanie cukru, soli a tuku v produktoch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obmedzenie reklamy na ultra-spracovan\u00e9 jedl\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podpora re\u00e1lnej v\u00fd\u017eivovej hodnoty \u2013 nielen \u201cfit\u201d fake n\u00e1lepky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 urobi\u0165 ty v&nbsp;boji s v\u00fdrobcami?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Pozri sa do ko\u0161\u00edka.<\/strong> <strong>Lebo ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1kup je hlasovan\u00edm \u2013 za to, \u010do sa bude vyr\u00e1ba\u0165.<\/strong> <strong>V\u00fdrobcovia robia to, \u010do sa pred\u00e1va.<\/strong><br><strong>A ak sa pred\u00e1va fastfood v reg\u00e1li a ty si ho kupuje\u0161, tak im d\u00e1va\u0161 palec hore.<\/strong><br><br><strong>Chce\u0161 zmenu? Uk\u00e1\u017e to v tom, \u010do si nos\u00ed\u0161 domov.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A e\u0161te jedna vec\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aj ke\u010f bude\u0161 jes\u0165 \u201ezdravo\u201c, st\u00e1le m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 pribera\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>\u27a1\ufe0f Ak je energetick\u00fd pr\u00edjem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fddaj, priberie\u0161 aj z quinoi a avok\u00e1da. To, \u017ee nie\u010do je zdrav\u00e9, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 jes\u0165 bez limitu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e6\"><strong>Kal\u00f3rie rozhoduj\u00fa o tvojej v\u00e1he. Ale \u017eiviny \u2013 tie rozhoduj\u00fa o tom, ako sa c\u00edti\u0161.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Strava nie je len o \u010d\u00edsle na v\u00e1he. Je o tom, ako ti je vo vlastnom tele \ud83d\udc99.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A ke\u010f bude\u0161 ma\u0165 chu\u0165, za\u010dni pokojne len jednou vecou.<\/strong> <br><strong>\ud83d\udce3 Preto\u017ee: Aj mal\u00e1 zmena sprav\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fd rozdiel \u2013 ak jej d\u00e1\u0161 \u010das a vydr\u017e\u00ed\u0161.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Zdroje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>https:\/\/www.alphamedical.sk\/casopis-invitro\/syndrom-spankoveho-apnoe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4796326\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malnutrition#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20approximately%20390%20million%20adults%20aged,160%20million%20who%20were%20living%20with%20obesity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obezita rastie r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ne\u017e kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm \u2013 a nie je to len o v\u00e1he. Zisti, \u010do za t\u00fdm skuto\u010dne stoj\u00ed a ako z\u00edska\u0165 kontrolu nad svojim zdrav\u00edm. Zisti viac v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[104,102,335,331],"class_list":["post-247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-strava-a-vyziva-sk","tag-nadvaha","tag-obezita","tag-skinny-fat-sk","tag-zdravy-zivotny-styl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=247"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":404,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247\/revisions\/404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutrelino.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}